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Wohlers Report 2018

Analysis. Trends. Forecasts. Additive Manufacturing and 3d Printing State of the Industry 2018 Wohlers Report.

36

Charts

110

Tables

192

Photographs and Illustrations

Wohlers Report 2018, available as a color digital and full-color printed/bound version, provides a worldwide review and analysis of additive manufacturing and 3D printing—terms that are used interchangeably.

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ISBN 978-0-9913332-4-0

This edition marks the 23rd consecutive year of publication. The report has served as the undisputed industry-leading report on the subject for more than two decades. Many have graciously referred to it as the “bible” of 3D printing.

The report was developed with the support of 92 service providers, 64 manufacturers of industrial AM systems, and 19 producers of third-party materials and desktop 3D printers. It documents government-sponsored research and development, collaborations and consortia, and the activities of 110 academic and 11 research institutes around the world.

The report has benefited from the important contributions of 76 co-authors and contributors in 32 countries. Wohlers Associates is fortunate to have developed what is believed to be the largest worldwide network of professional contacts in the industry. This access and trust has resulted in a report that offers an unparalleled window into additive manufacturing and 3D printing.

The 344-page Wohlers Report 2018 includes 36 charts and graphs, 110 tables, and 192 images and illustrations. It also includes more than 160 pages of supplemental online content available exclusively to the buyers of the report.

Table of Contents

  • Acknowledgments
  • About the principal authors
    • Associate authors

PART 1: INTRODUCTION

  • Focus of this report
  • Introduction to AM and 3D printing
  • History of additive manufacturing
    • 1960s to the modern era
    • March 2017 to March 2018
  • Industries, applications, and regions
    • Industries
    • Applications
    • Installations by country
  • Growth of CAD solid modeling

PART 2: PROCESSES AND MATERIALS

  • Processes
    • Material extrusion
    • Material jetting
    • Binder jetting
    • Sheet lamination
    • Vat photopolymerization
    • Powder bed fusion
    • Directed energy deposition
  • Materials
    • Polymers
    • Pricing
    • Metals
    • Making metal powders for AM
    • Composites and hybrid materials
    • Materials for metal-casting processes
    • Ceramics and other materials
    • New polymer products
    • New metal products
    • Materials testing and international standards
  • Third-party Material Producers
    • Open vs. Closed material business standards
    • List of third-party producers
  • Process/material matrix

PART 3: SYSTEM PRODUCERS

  • Additive Industries
  • AddUp
  • Arcam
  • Aspect
  • Carbon
  • Cincinnati
  • Concept Laser
  • Desktop Metal
  • DWS
  • Envisiontec
  • EOS
  • ExOne
  • Farsoon
  • Formlabs
  • GE Additive
  • HP
  • Lithoz
  • Markforged
  • Optomec
  • Prodways
  • Renishaw
  • Sciaky
  • Sisma
  • SLM Solutions
  • Stratasys
  • 3D Systems
  • Trumpf
  • Voxeljet
  • Xery
  • XYZprinting
  • Other companies in Asia/Pacific
    • Asiga
    • Aurora Labs
    • Bright Laser Technologies
    • Carima
    • CMET
    • D-MEC
    • EPlus 3D
    • Huake 3D
    • InssTek
    • Hengtong
    • Keyence
    • Long Yuan
    • Matsuura
    • Microjet
    • Mimaki
    • Raycham
    • Ricoh
    • Rokit
    • Sentrol
    • Sodick
    • SPEE3D
    • Tiertime
    • TPM
    • UnionTech
    • Wuhan Binhu
    • ZRapid
    • Zhuhai CTC
  • Other companies in Europe and the Middle East
    • Arburg
    • BeAM
    • BigRep
    • Digital Metal
    • DMG Mori
    • Do3D
    • German RepRap
    • Massivit
    • Nano Dimension
    • Nanoscribe
    • Norsk Titanium
    • OR Laser
    • Rapid Shape
    • Realizer
    • Sharebot
    • Sinterit
    • Sintratec
    • 3DCeram
    • Xjet
  • Other companies in the Americas
    • Fabrisonic
    • nScrypt
    • Rize
    • RPMI
    • Solidscape
    • 3D Platform
  • Additional system manufacturers
  • Process/manufacturer/material matrix
  • New AM machine developments
  • Desktop 3D printers
    • RepRap project
    • Funding models
    • Interesting developments
    • Software tools
    • Popular products
    • Delta designs
    • Comparing desktop 3D printers

PART 4: INDUSTRY GROWTH

  • Revenue from AM worldwide
    • Products and services
    • Growth percentages
  • Industrial system unit sales
    • Unit sales growth percentages
    • Market shares
    • Systems sold by region
    • Average selling price
    • Metal AM systems
    • Unit sales by manufacturer and year
  • Desktop 3D printer sales
    • Desktop 3D printer ASP
  • AM material sales
    • Photopolymers
    • Polymer powders
    • Filaments
    • Metals
  • Service providers
    • Primary service market
    • Secondary service market
  • Service provider survey results
    • Pre- and post-processing of parts
    • Most popular AM technologies
    • Revenue growth
    • Online marketplace
    • Supplier competition
    • Comments from service providers
  • Investment in publicly traded companies
    • Revenues and earnings from Stratasys and 3D Systems
    • Revenues and earnings from others
    • On the horizon

PART 5: FINAL PART PRODUCTION

  • Application areas
    • Aerospace
    • Medical and dental
    • Footwear
    • Motor vehicles
  • Benefits of AM for production
    • Elimination of tooling
    • Agile manufacturing and lead time reduction
    • Distributed production
    • Inventory reduction and part consolidation
    • Sustainability and waste reduction
  • Challenges
    • Running costs
    • Cost justification
    • Machine throughput
    • Certification and quality assurance
    • Changing organizational culture
  • Design for additive manufacturing
    • Part consolidation
    • Reduction of support structures and post-processing
    • Weight reduction and topology optimization
    • Lattice structures
    • Improving part functionality and performance
  • How DfAM impacts cost
  • Educating designers
    • Design guidelines
    • Education curricula and training
  • The future of DfAM
  • Post-processing
    • Post-processing of polymer parts
    • Surface treatment of polymer parts
    • Post-processing of metal parts
    • Thermal processing of metal parts
    • Metal support material removal
    • Metal surface treatment
    • Metal part inspection
  • Metal part production cost considerations
    • Facility costs
    • Accessories
    • Post-processing requirements
    • Design
    • Additional considerations
  • Process monitoring in metal powder bed fusion
    • R&D projects
    • Aconity3D
    • Arcam
    • Concept Laser
    • EOS
    • SLM Solutions
    • Sigma Labs
    • Outlook

PART 6: GLOBAL REPORTS

  • Asia/Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Korea
    • Singapore
    • Taiwan
  • Australasia
    • Australia
    • New Zealand
  • Europe
    • Austria
    • Belgium
    • Denmark
    • Finland
    • France
    • Germany
    • Italy
    • Netherlands
    • Norway
    • Poland
    • Portugal
    • Romania
    • Russia
    • Slovenia
    • Spain
    • Sweden
    • Switzerland
    • Turkey
    • United Kingdom
  • Middle East
    • Egypt
    • Iran
    • Israel
  • Other regions
    • Brazil
    • Canada
    • South Africa

PART 7: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

  • Trends
  • Patents
  • Legal implications
    • IP strategies
    • FDA
    • FAA
    • Product liability
  • Corporate R&D
  • Consortia and collaborations
    • America Makes
    • Government Organization on Additive Manufacturing
    • Additive Manufacturing Consortium
    • Direct Manufacturing Research Center
    • Project TEAMM
  • AM standards
    • ASTM International Committee F42
    • ISO/TC 261
    • CEN/TC 438
  • U.S. government-sponsored R&D
    • National Science Foundation
    • Basic research on AM technology
    • Meso, micro, and nanoscale technology
    • National Institutes of Health
    • Department of Defense
    • Department of Energy
  • U.S. national laboratories
    • Oak Ridge National Laboratory
    • Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
    • Sandia National Laboratories
  • Government-sponsored R&D in Europe
  • Academic activities and capabilities
    • AM educational activities
    • Research innovations
    • Asia/Pacific
    • Europe
    • Middle East
    • North America
    • Other regions
    • Research institutes with AM capabilities
    • Future trends and contributions

PART 8: THE FUTURE OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

  • AM ecosystem of the future
    • Education, training, and research
    • Workflow management
    • Industry standards
    • Finance
    • Design
    • Design tools
    • Reverse engineering, scan processing
    • Materials
    • AM machines
    • Process controls
    • Major OEMs
    • Service providers, contract manufacturers
  • Startup companies
  • Market opportunity and forecast
    • Global manufacturing economy
  • Summary
    • Maturing mindset
    • An exciting future

APPENDICES

  • Appendix A: Glossary of terms
  • Appendix B: Desktop 3D printers
  • Appendix C: Material properties
  • Appendix D: Metal AM comparison matrix
  • Appendix E: AM software tools
  • Appendix F: 3D scanning systems
  • Appendix G: 3D scan-processing software
  • Appendix H: 1988-2006 unit sales

Report Development Team

The following 76 individuals and organizations in 32 countries contributed to Wohlers Report 2018 and served as important sources for information.

Principal authors:

Ian Campbell (UK), Olaf Diegel (Sweden), Joseph Kowen (Israel), Terry Wohlers (U.S.)

Associate authors:

Ismail Fidan (U.S.) and David Bourell (U.S.)

 

Mukesh Agarwala 3D Product Development India
Nuno Alves Polytechnic Institute of Leiria Portugal
Nicolae Balc Technical University of Cluj–Napoca Romania
Robin Ballard Edmonds Community College U.S.
John Barnes The Barnes Group U.S.
Alain Bernard Ecole Centrale de Nantes France
Kris Binon Flam3D Belgium
Klas Boivie SINTEF Norway
Gerrie Booysen Central University of Technology South Africa
Paul Boulware EWI U.S.
David Brackett Manufacturing Technology Centre UK
Milan Brandt RMIT University Australia
William Cass Cantor Colburn U.S.
Andy Christensen Somaden LLC U.S.
Chee Kai Chua Nanyang Technological University Singapore
Mel Cossette Edmonds Community College U.S.
Mads Kjøller Damkjær AM-Lab Denmark
Deon de Beer North-West University South Africa
Ryan Dehoff Oak Ridge National Laboratory U.S.
Carl Dekker Met-L-Flo U.S.
Thierry Dormal Sirris Belgium
Brian Drab William Blair & Company U.S.
Igor Drstvenšek University of Maribor Slovenia
Sara Ebright Direct Dimensions U.S.
Khalid Abd Elghany Central Metallurgical R&D Institute Egypt
Claus Emmelmann Fraunhofer IAPT Germany
Arno Ferreira University of Auckland New Zealand
Elizabeth Ferrill Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner U.S.
George Fisher-Wilson 3D Hubs Netherlands
Rob Gorham America Makes U.S.
Tim Gornet University of Louisville U.S.
Michael Hickner Pennsylvania State University U.S.
John Hornick Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner U.S.
Ray Huff Wohlers Associates U.S.
Jeng Ywan Jeng National Taiwan University of Science and Tech. Taiwan
Andrzej Kęsy University of Technology and Humanities Poland
Babak Kianian Lund University Sweden
Alex Kingsbury Kingsbury Consulting Australia
Martin Lavoie Canada Makes Canada
Nak-Kyu Lee Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Korea
Jörg Lenz EOS GmbH Germany
Feng Lin Tsinghua University China
Christian Lindemann Direct Manufacturing Research Center Germany
Simon Marriott Adv. Mfg. Cooperative Research Centre Australia
Artur Mateus Polytechnic Institute of Leiria Portugal
Francisco Medina EWI U.S.
Randall Newton Consilia Vektor U.S.
John Obielodan University of Wisconsin–Platteville U.S.
Charles Overy LGM U.S.
Bene Padovani Additive Manufacturing Consultancy Brazil
Thomas Pang GE Additive Japan
Joris Peels Voxelfab Netherlands
Burak S. Pekcan +90 Turkey
Sebastian Piegert Siemens AG Germany
Michele Pressacco LimaCorporate Italy
Jason Radachy Cantor Colburn U.S.
Michael Raphael Direct Dimensions U.S.
Boris Salamakhin Voronezhselmash Russia
Elisa Salatin LimaCorporate Italy
Marco Salvisberg Precicast Additive Switzerland
Peter Sander Airbus Germany
Christian Seidel Fraunhofer IGCV Germany
Jorge Vicente Lopes da Silva Renato Archer Information Technology Center Brazil
Aidan Skoyles Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner U.S.
Kinga Skrzek University of Technology and Humanities Poland
Mark Smith Sandia National Laboratories U.S.
Chris Spadaccini Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory U.S.
Adrian Spierings Inspire AG Switzerland
Jürgen Stampfl Vienna University of Technology Austria
Riccardo Toninato LimaCorporate Italy
Jukka Tuomi Aalto University Finland
Nicole Wake Center for Adv. Imaging Innovation and Research U.S.
David Wimpenny Manufacturing Technology Centre UK
Tim Wischeropp Fraunhofer IAPT Germany
Naiara Zubizarreta AddiMAT Spain
Jim Zunino U.S. Army U.S.
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